Monday, June 3, 2013

Challenges of Marijuana Research

            Researching an illicit, schedule I drug is difficult for a multitude of reasons. The first issue lies in obtaining the approval in order to procure enough of the substance legally in order to conduct studies. Secondly, the legal confidentiality and protection of the study participants is of great importance, and also takes many resources in order to ensure non-disclosure.
            Another inherent problem of researching a natural substance is the variability in the strength and composition of each individual plant. Although there are standard amounts of delta 9 THC per dose set, the amount administered in each sitting is also variable depending on the route of intake. Once administered, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are also difficult to study in marijuana. It has a long half life, because it accumulates in body fat, and recirculates throughout the liver.  Also, it exhibits user-dependent bioavailability, and tolerance develops pharmacological effects such as cardiovascular effects. Furthermore, understanding the duration of acute or chronic withdrawal effects requires technology beyond that of a simple urine test.
            The study of a drug of abuse also poses ethical dilemmas, because an ideal control group is made up of participants who have never been introduced to the drug. However, introducing such a drug is very unethical, so the control participants usually end up being occasional users. In turn, the user group is dependent on the definition of the control groups and vice-versa.
            Finally, when introducing a substance and studying its internal effects, a “chicken or the egg” type of situation is always possible. An example the authors in the article ask, “did the altered functioning create the need for enhanced cannabinoid stimulation or did the enhanced cannabinoid stimulation create the altered functioning?This is mostly due to the fact that baseline data of brain function and structure does not exist and is very difficult to obtain.

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